/* =====================================================
   Design Tokens
   ===================================================== */
:root {
  --c-bg:        #FFFFFF;
  --c-bg-2:      #FFFFFF;
  --c-text:      #2D2D2D;
  --c-text-dim:  rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.56);
  --c-muted:     #888888;
  --c-accent:    rgb(75, 86, 148);
  --c-accent-dk: rgb(58, 67, 116);
  --c-rule:      rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.12);
  --c-rule-dark: rgba(45, 45, 45, 0.22);

  --font-heading: 'Cabin', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-sans:    'Open Sans', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-mono:    'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;

  --nav-h: 64px;
  --max-w: 1100px;
}

/* =====================================================
   Reset & Base
   ===================================================== */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; font-size: 18px; }

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  background: var(--c-bg);
  color: var(--c-text);
  line-height: 1.75;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  font-weight: 400;
}

a { color: var(--c-accent); text-decoration: none; transition: color 0.2s; }
a:hover { color: var(--c-accent-dk); }

strong { color: var(--c-accent); font-weight: 400; }
em     { color: var(--c-accent); font-style: normal; }

/* =====================================================
   Layout
   ===================================================== */
.container { max-width: var(--max-w); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 40px; }

section { padding: 88px 0; }

/* =====================================================
   Scroll Reveal
   ===================================================== */
.reveal {
  opacity: 0;
  transform: translateY(18px);
  transition: opacity 0.6s ease, transform 0.6s ease;
}
.reveal.visible { opacity: 1; transform: none; }
.reveal-delay-1 { transition-delay: 0.08s; }
.reveal-delay-2 { transition-delay: 0.16s; }
.reveal-delay-3 { transition-delay: 0.24s; }
.reveal-delay-4 { transition-delay: 0.32s; }

/* =====================================================
   Navigation
   ===================================================== */
#navbar {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0; left: 0; right: 0;
  height: var(--nav-h);
  z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.9);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
  transition: background 0.3s, border-color 0.3s;
}
#navbar.scrolled {
  background: rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.98);
  border-color: var(--c-rule-dark);
}

.nav-inner {
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 40px;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 32px;
}

.nav-logo {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  margin-right: auto;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}
.nav-logo-img {
  height: 50px;
  width: 50px;
  display: block;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
}

.nav-links {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 28px;
}

.nav-links a {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--c-muted);
  transition: color 0.2s;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--c-accent); }

.nav-cta {
  font-family: var(--font-mono) !important;
  font-size: 0.85rem !important;
  font-weight: 400 !important;
  color: var(--c-accent) !important;
  border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor !important;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.nav-cta:hover { color: var(--c-accent-dk) !important; }

.nav-hamburger {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  color: var(--c-text);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  cursor: pointer;
}

/* =====================================================
   Hero
   ===================================================== */
#hero {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  padding-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 52px);
  padding-bottom: 56px;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--c-bg);
}


.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: var(--max-w);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 40px;
  width: 100%;
}

.hero-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}
.hero-tag::before {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 20px;
  height: 2px;
  background: var(--c-accent);
}

#hero h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.8rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

.accent { color: var(--c-accent); }

.hero-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: var(--c-text-dim);
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  line-height: 1.85;
  max-width: 460px;
  font-weight: 300;
}

.hero-authors {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--c-text);
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 4px;
  align-items: center;
}
.hero-authors .dot { color: var(--c-rule-dark); }
.hero-authors a { color: var(--c-accent); }

.hero-dept-inline {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--c-muted);
  margin-right: 2px;
}

.hero-actions {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 32px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.hero-btn {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  padding: 8px 20px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  background: var(--c-accent);
  color: #fff;
  transition: background 0.2s;
}
.hero-btn:hover { background: var(--c-accent-dk); color: #fff; }
.hero-btn-ghost {
  background: none;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  border: 1px solid var(--c-accent);
}
.hero-btn-ghost:hover { background: var(--c-accent); color: #fff; }


/* =====================================================
   Section Header
   ===================================================== */
.section-header { margin-bottom: 52px; }

.section-label {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.section-header h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 2.6vw, 2.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.section-header h2::after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  width: 36px;
  height: 3px;
  background: var(--c-accent);
  margin-top: 14px;
}

/* =====================================================
   Research Background — 去框，用分隔線
   ===================================================== */
#background { background: var(--c-bg-2); }

.cards-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  column-gap: 56px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-rule-dark);
}

.card {
  padding: 36px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
  background: none;
}
.card:hover { background: none; }

.card-wide { grid-column: 1 / -1; }

.card-icon {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.16em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.card p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--c-text-dim); line-height: 1.8; }
.card p + p { margin-top: 8px; }

.citation {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--c-muted);
  margin-top: 8px !important;
}

.gap-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
.gap-item { display: flex; gap: 16px; align-items: flex-start; }
.gap-tag {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  white-space: nowrap;
  margin-top: 2px;
  min-width: 36px;
}

/* =====================================================
   Research Questions — 去框，保留橙紅頂線
   ===================================================== */
#questions { background: var(--c-bg); }

.rq-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0 56px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-rule-dark);
}

.rq-card {
  padding: 36px 0;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
}
.rq-card:hover { box-shadow: none; }

.rq-number {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.rq-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.rq-question {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--c-text-dim);
  line-height: 1.85;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
}

.method-badge {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  border-radius: 0;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.rq-method p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--c-text-dim); line-height: 1.75; }

/* =====================================================
   Technology Probe — 去框
   ===================================================== */
#probe { background: var(--c-bg-2); }

.probe-intro { margin-bottom: 44px; }
.probe-form {
  border: none;
  background: none;
  padding: 0;
}
.form-label {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--c-accent);
  padding-left: 14px;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.probe-form p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--c-text-dim); line-height: 1.75; }

/* Scenario */
.scenario-block { margin-bottom: 44px; }
.sub-heading {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  padding-left: 14px;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--c-accent);
}

.scenario-content {
  border: none;
  background: none;
  padding: 0;
}
.scenario-content > p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--c-text-dim);
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

/* Task */
.task-box {
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}
.task-label {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  border-left: 2px solid var(--c-accent);
  padding-left: 14px;
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  text-transform: none;
  letter-spacing: normal;
}
.task-box p, .task-box li { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--c-text-dim); line-height: 1.8; }
.task-box ul { list-style: none; margin: 8px 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 5px; }
.task-box li { padding-left: 0; }
.task-goal { margin-top: 12px !important; color: var(--c-muted) !important; }

/* Roles — 橫向清單，不用框 */
.roles-grid {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
}
.role-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 0;
  text-align: left;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
  padding: 14px 0;
}
.role-card:hover { box-shadow: none; border-color: var(--c-rule); }

.role-icon {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  display: inline;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 28px;
  line-height: inherit;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.role-name {
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--c-text);
  display: inline;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 72px;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.role-card p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--c-text-dim); line-height: 1.65; margin: 0; }

/* Boundary Table — 保留表格結構但簡化 */
.table-block { margin-bottom: 44px; }
.table-wrapper {
  overflow-x: auto;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
}
table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.95rem; background: none; }
thead tr { background: none; }
th {
  padding: 12px 16px 12px 0;
  text-align: left;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--c-text);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule-dark);
}
th:first-child { width: 130px; }
td {
  padding: 16px 16px 16px 0;
  color: var(--c-text-dim);
  line-height: 1.75;
  vertical-align: top;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
}
tbody tr:last-child td { border-bottom: none; }
tbody tr:hover { background: none; }

.boundary-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  background: none;
  border: none;
  padding: 0;
  display: inline;
}
.citation-sm { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--c-muted); }

/* SVG Figure — 去框 */
.figure-block { margin-bottom: 48px; }
.svg-viewer { display: flex; justify-content: center; padding: 0; border: none; background: none; }
.svg-viewer img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }

/* =====================================================
   Co-design Workshop — 去框
   ===================================================== */
#workshop { background: var(--c-bg); }

.workshop-intro { margin-bottom: 44px; }

/* Photo strip */
.photo-strip {
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-top: 56px;
}
.photo-track {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  width: max-content;
  animation: photo-scroll 40s linear infinite;
}
.photo-strip:hover .photo-track {
  animation-play-state: paused;
}
.photo-track img {
  height: 240px;
  width: auto;
  border-radius: 10px;
  object-fit: cover;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: block;
}
@keyframes photo-scroll {
  0%   { transform: translateX(0); }
  100% { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}
.lead {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--c-text-dim);
  line-height: 1.8;
  max-width: none;
  border-left: 2px solid var(--c-accent);
  padding-left: 18px;
}

.workshop-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.4fr;
  gap: 0 56px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--c-rule-dark);
}

.workshop-panel {
  padding: 36px 0;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
}

/* Principles */
.principle-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.principle-list li {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  gap: 12px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--c-text-dim);
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.principle-dot {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 5px;
  height: 5px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--c-accent);
  margin-top: 9px;
}

/* Process */
.process-list { list-style: none; display: flex; flex-direction: column; }
.process-list li {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
}
.process-list li:first-child { border-top: none; }
.process-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.step-num {
  flex-shrink: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--c-accent);
  width: 24px;
  margin-top: 4px;
}
.process-list strong {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--font-heading);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 2px;
  color: var(--c-text);
}
.process-list p { font-size: 1rem; color: var(--c-text-dim); line-height: 1.65; }

.feedback-tags { display: flex; gap: 0; margin-top: 8px; flex-wrap: wrap; }
.feedback-tags span {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--c-muted);
  background: none;
  border: none;
  border-radius: 0;
  padding: 0;
}
.feedback-tags span::after { content: ' /'; margin: 0 6px; color: var(--c-rule-dark); }
.feedback-tags span:last-child::after { display: none; }

/* =====================================================
   Footer
   ===================================================== */
footer {
  border-top: 3px solid var(--c-accent);
  padding: 52px 0 28px;
  background: var(--c-text);
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.6);
}
.footer-inner {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  margin-bottom: 40px;
  align-items: start;
}
.footer-brand .nav-logo { display: block; margin-bottom: 10px; color: white; }
.footer-brand p { font-size: 0.85rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.45); line-height: 1.75; }
.footer-team h4 {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,0.35);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.footer-team p { font-size: 0.85rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.55); line-height: 1.75; }
.footer-bottom { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08); padding-top: 24px; text-align: center; }
.footer-bottom p { font-family: var(--font-mono); font-size: 0.85rem; color: rgba(255,255,255,0.25); letter-spacing: 0.06em; }

/* =====================================================
   Responsive
   ===================================================== */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  section { padding: 64px 0; }
  .container { padding: 0 20px; }
  .nav-inner { padding: 0 20px; }

  .nav-links { display: none; }
  .nav-hamburger { display: block; }
  .nav-links.open {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    position: absolute;
    top: var(--nav-h);
    left: 0; right: 0;
    background: rgba(250, 250, 248, 0.99);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--c-rule);
    padding: 18px 20px 24px;
    gap: 16px;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
  }

  #hero { padding-top: calc(var(--nav-h) + 32px); padding-bottom: 40px; }
  .hero-content { padding: 0 20px; }

  .cards-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .card-wide { grid-column: auto; }

  .rq-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }

  .roles-grid { margin-top: 0; }
  .role-card { gap: 0; }

  .workshop-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .photo-track img { height: 180px; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  :root { --nav-h: 56px; }
  #hero h1 { font-size: 1.4rem; white-space: normal; }
}